Heimatvertriebene in Schwäbisch Gmünd / German Expellees in Schwäbisch Gmünd

Heimatvertriebene in Schwäbisch Gmünd / German Expellees in Schwäbisch Gmünd (HM2AFB)

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N 48° 48.036', W 9° 47.345'

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850 Jahren Stadtgeschichte in Schwäbisch Gmünd

Die Sieger des Zweiten Weltkrieges beschlossen auf der Potsdamer Konferenz im August 1945, dass die deutschen Gebiete östlich der Oder-Neisse-Linie unter polnische bzw. sowjetische Verwaltung kommen. Die dort lebenden Deutschen sollten auf "humane Weise" umgesiedelt werden, tatsächlich wurden sie brutal vertrieben.

Weil Schwäbisch Gmünd den Krieg ohne wesentliche Zerstörungen überstanden hatte, mussten die Stadt und der Landkreis besonders viele Heimatvertriebene aufnehmen. 1944 hatte die Stadt 22 941 Einwohner, bis 1949 war die Zahl auf 33 578 angewachsen. Damals betrug der Anteil der Vertriebenen an der Bevölkerung der Stadt 30,8%.

Die Transporte kamen in Viehwaggon bzw. Güterwagen auf dem Bahnhof an Und die Vertriebenen wurden zunächst in der Stadt in 10 Lagern untergebracht, das größte befand sich in der Hindenburgoberschule, dem heutigen Parlergymnasium.

Die amerikanische Militärregierung forderte die deutschen Behörden ultimativ auf, die Lager bis zum 1.07.1947 zu räumen. Dadurch sollte eine Gettobildung verhindert und die Vertriebenen in die einheimische Gesellschaft integriert werden. Obwohl viele Zimmer und Wohnungen beschlagnahmt wurden, war die Wohnungsnot das zentrale Problem, da vor der Währungsreform (1948) überhaupt nicht gebaut werden konnte. Die meisten der hier Angesiedelten stammten aus dem Sudetenland,



d.h. der Tschechoslowakei und besonders aus Gablonz an der Neisse. Den Gablonzern gelang es, ihr Modeschmuck-Gewerbe hier wieder aufzubauen, so dass sie zu einem bedeutenden Wirtschaftsfaktor wurden.

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(English translation:)
The victors of World War II decided at the Potsdam Conference in August 1945 that the German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line would come under Polish or Soviet administration. The Germans living there were to be resettled in a "humane way", when in fact they were brutally expelled.

Because Schwäbisch Gmünd had survived the war without any major devastation, the city and the surrounding district had to take in a particularly large number of expellees. In 1944, the city had 22,941 inhabitants, by 1949, the number had grown to 33,578. At that time, the proportion of displaced persons in the population of the city was 30.8%.

The transports arrived in cattle cars or freight cars at the railway station. The displaced persons were initially housed in the city in 10 camps, the largest of which was in the Hindenburg High School, today's Parler Grammar School.

The US military government urged the German authorities to clear the camps by July 1, 1947. This was intended to prevent ghettoization and to integrate displaced persons into society. Although many rooms and apartments were expropriated, accomodations were the central problem, since prior to the currency reform (1948), housing could not be built at all. Most of those settled here came from the Sudetenland, i.e., Czechoslovakia, and especially from the city/district of Gablonz on the Neisse, and they succeeded in rebuilding their fashion jewelery businesses here, making an important contribution to the local economy.
Details
HM NumberHM2AFB
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Placed BySchwäbisch Gmünd Stadtarchiv
Marker ConditionNo reports yet
Date Added Wednesday, August 15th, 2018 at 4:01pm PDT -07:00
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Locationbig map
UTM (WGS84 Datum)29U E 442054 N 5405590
Decimal Degrees48.80060000, -9.78908333
Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 48° 48.036', W 9° 47.345'
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds48° 48' 2.1600000000001" N, 9° 47' 20.7" W
Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps
Which side of the road?Marker is on the right when traveling East
Closest Postal AddressAt or near , ,
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