Roger Williams granted a charter to establish the Rhode Island colony.
England
1642 Civil War between King Charles I and Parliament began.
1649 Parliament claimed victory in English Civil War; King Charles I was beheaded.
1650s
St. Mary's City
1654 Simon Overzee, merchant planter, acquired St. John's.
1656 Antonio, an enslaved African, died at St. John's from punishment at the hands of his master.
1658 Simon Overzee's wife died in childbirth at St. John's.
Colonial Maryland
1654 Radical Protestants denied Lord Baltimore's right to govern Maryland.
1655 Maryland governor, William Stone, and his men were defeated by radical Protestants at Battle of Severn.
1658 Lord Baltimore regained control of Maryland.
Colonial America
1651 Freedom of trade for the American colonies was curtailed with the first Navigation Act.
1652 Colony of Rhode Island enacted first American law declaring slavery illegal.
1652 War broke out between the English and the Dutch affecting relations with the American colonies.
England
1653 Oliver Cromwell proclaimed himself Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1658 Oliver Cromwell died and was succeeded by his son, Richard.
1660s
St. Mary's City
1661 Maryland governor Charles Calvert acquired St. John's for his residence.
1667 Charles Calvert moved to Patuxent River and leased St. John's out as a public inn.
Colonial Maryland
1660 Maryland's Assembly appointed Philip Calvert as governor.
1664 Maryland passed law that mandated life-long servitude of black slaved.
1668 St. Mary's City received charter as first official city of the colony.
Colonial America
1661 Virginia was the first to recognize the legal existence of slavery in the colonies.
1664 English captured the New Netherland and New Sweden settlements.
1667 Dutch warships burned six tobacco ships in the James River in Virginia.
England
1660 King Charles II restored to throne of England.
1665 Great plague spread through England and caused many thousands of deaths.
1665 Great Fire of London destroyed two thirds of the city.
1670s
St. Mary's City
1675 Charles Calvert utilized St. John's to entertain guests.
1677 Philip Calvert began construction of largest brick home in the colony.
1678 St. John's underwent extensive repairs by leaseholder, Henry Exon.
Colonial Maryland
1673 Augustine Herman's superb map of Maryland and Virginia published in London.
1675 Charles Calvert became Lord Proprietor of Maryland upon his father's death.
1676 A permanent brick state house was erected in St. Mary's City.
Colonial America
1672 Dutch fleet raided English colonies.
1676 Indians were driven out of much of New England at the end of King Philip's War.
1676 Nathaniel Bacon and a group of rebels attacked Jamestown, Virginia.
England
1672 Royal African Company established to expand slave trade.
1675 Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore died, his son Charles acquired title.
1678 A bogus "Popish Plot" to murder King Charles II captivated England.
1680-1700
St. Mary's City
1681 Josias Fendall tried at St. John's for treason against Lord Baltimore.
1687 The Governor's Council of Maryland met at St. John's for the final time.
1693 The last-known historical reference to St. John's appeared in documents.
Colonial Maryland
1684 Charles Calvert, Lord Baltimore, returned to England.
1689 Protestants rebel and gain power in Maryland; Catholics were barred from office.
1692 Lionel Copley became Maryland's first royal governor.
1695 The capital moved from St. Mary's City to Annapolis.
Colonial America
1681 William Penn granted a charter to found Quaker colony in Pennsylvania.
1699 Capital of Virginia moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg.
England
1688 Glorious Revolution in England forced King James II to flee; William and Mary accepted the crown.
1692 British crown allowed Lord Baltimore's charter to stand but took away his governing rights in Maryland.
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