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historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DXO_rocky-ridge-elementary-school_Birmingham-AL.html
A subscription school organized in the 1850's in Rocky Ridge Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Land deeded by church in 1881 to build a log school. In 1912, Professor E. D. Watkins taught all classes to the 30 students. In 1918, his 15 year old daug…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWW_don-t-tread-on-me_Birmingham-AL.html
Leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) learned they could apply economic pressure to White businesses with more effective results than moral persuasion alone. Therefore, the central strategy of the Birmingham Campaign targe…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWV_jim-crow-on-the-books_Birmingham-AL.html
The first march to City Hall was organized in 1955 by Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth when he petitioned the city to hire Negro policemen. By 1963, thousands of Blacks marched on City Hall to protest Jim Crow laws that were a constant reminder of Black…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWU_don-t-tread-on-me_Birmingham-AL.html
1963A female protestor remained defiant as police drag her away from a demonstration in Birmingham's nearby retail district. Activists in Birmingham—led for seven years by Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth before the 1963 Birmingham Campaign—put…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWT_non-violent-foot-soldiers_Birmingham-AL.html
Those who participated in the marches and other demonstrations in the Birmingham Campaign agreed to a pledge of nonviolence. A few of the "Ten Commandments" of the pledge were: "Mediate daily on the teaching and life of Jesus. Remember always that…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWS_police-presence_Birmingham-AL.html
May 1963Helmeted police stand ready in Kelly Ingram Park outside the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, one of many strategic hubs from which "Project C" organizers launched marches. Police try to keep marchers away from City Hall, usually stopping …
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWR_dr-martin-luther-king-jr_Birmingham-AL.html
Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth invited Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to Birmingham in 1962. Shuttlesworth saw potential in the young minister, and their combined efforts were instrumental in Birmingham's desegregation. The campaign catapulted King into the…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWQ_non-violent-foot-soldiers_Birmingham-AL.html
The central principle of the American Civil Rights Movement was non-violence, based on the strategies of Mahatma Gandhi, who led India's independence struggle against the British Empire. Being non-violent did not mean being passive. Using "direct …
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWP_rev-fred-shuttlesworth_Birmingham-AL.html
No one did more to bring about positive change in Birmingham than the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. In his struggle for equal rights, he survived a series of assaults, including the bombing of his home and a brutal armed beating by the Ku Klux Klan…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM1DWN_peace-be-still_Birmingham-AL.html
On Palm Sunday, 1963 Rev. N. H. Smith, Rev. John T. Porter and Rev. A. D. King led a sympathy march from St. Paul United Methodist Church down 6th Avenue North in support of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth and Rev. Ralph Aber…
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