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historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMBBF_oyster-shells-to-mortar_Williamsburg-VA.html
Brick, lime, and pottery kilns operated throughout Jamestown. A small paved pit here, filled with oyster shells and moistened lime, marked a kiln where mortar or plaster was made. Different pits produced varying qualities of mortar and plaster. Th…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMBBC_a-remarkable-collection-1670-1700_Williamsburg-VA.html
Who discarded refuse into this ditch and why may never be known. The ditch was full or artifacts dating to about 1670-1700, including 10 "HH" wine bottle seals, over 1,000 clay pipe pieces, three window leads dated 1669, and the largest collection…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMBBB_may-hartwell-site-1660-1699_Williamsburg-VA.html
Evidence from wills, deeds, land plats, patents, and court cases helps to identify structures excavated by archaeologists. When historians digitalized two 17th-century land plats and superimposed them on a modern map of Jamestown, they matched a f…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMBB9_the-ambler-house_Williamsburg-VA.html
The Amber House was built by the Ambler family in the 1750s as the centerpiece of a fine plantation estate. A refined Georgian-style home, it was comparable to the elegant George Wythe House in Williamsburg. The house was burned in two wars, and a…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMBA8_a-campsite-pre-1607_Williamsburg-VA.html
The human history of Jamestown Island begins much earlier than 1607. The first native inhabitants walked this site 10,000 years ago. At that time, the James River was nearly 100 feet lower, a fast moving stream at the bottom of a narrow ravine. Se…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMB95_foundations-at-jamestown_Williamsburg-VA.html
The remains of Jamestown now lie buried beneath the ground. Archeologists have unearthed some of the known town site, but the original foundations of structures would erode quickly if left exposed to wind, weather, and acid rain. The foundations h…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMB94_pitch-and-tar-swamp_Williamsburg-VA.html
To the north, Jamestown Island is ringed with slow moving water and a marsh of reeds, cypress, and pine. One of the first industries attempted at Jamestown was the extraction of pitch and tar from the pine trees in this swampy area. Pitch, tar, an…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMB93_iron-and-industry_Williamsburg-VA.html
The raw materials for the smelting of iron were all found here: lime from oyster shells, bog ore from the swamp, charcoal from burned trees. A circular kiln, 10 feet across and lined with baked clay, sat over a pit with an air vent to the surface.…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMB92_a-place-of-work_Williamsburg-VA.html
This small structure played a part in the industrial activity along the Pitch and Tar Swamp, but the exact use of its three furnaces is unknown.
Chemical analysis of the soil ruled out high-temperature industry, such as a forge. Perhaps the bes…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HMB90_governor-harveys-house-1630s_Williamsburg-VA.html
John Harvey served as a member of a royal commission investigating conditions in Virginia in 1624. As a reward, he received land at the east end of New Towne. There he probably built a residence and a wharf.
A temperamental sea captain, Harvey …