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historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24FK_construction-workers_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
Starting with farmland in November 1942, 110,000 construction workers in two-and-a-half years built two huge uranium-235 production plants, Y-12 and K-25, at a cost of $759 million; X-10 and S-50, at a cost of $23 million; and the town for those w…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24FJ_y-12-the-calutron-plant_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
The top priority of the secret wartime Oak Ridge project was the Y-12 plant. That was the code name given to the process considered the best bet for separating weapon-grade uranium-235 (U-235) from U-238. This isotope separation process was the br…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24FI_k-25-the-gaseous-diffusion-plant_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
In 1940 Columbia University scientists led by John Dunning began their research to beat Germany to the atomic bomb. But it took four years before they learned how to make the key to the gaseous diffusion process - a very porous, strong "barri…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24FH_x-10-the-clinton-laboratories_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
In December 1942 University of Chicago physicists demonstrated that the newly discovered element plutonium could be made using a "pile" of uranium and graphite blocks. Aware that Germany was seeking to develop a weapon of unprecedented s…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24FG_oak-ridge-hospital_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
The medical director responsible for the nationwide Manhattan Project, Colonel Stafford L. Warren, M.D., had his headquarters in Oak ridge. A professor of radiology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Warren was recruited specifical…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24DZ_1942_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
The war years during the first part of the year was dreadful. German submarines were wreaking havoc with our shipping in the Atlantic; the Japanese were winning in the Pacific, and the Germans were driving across North Africa. In late May, a scout…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24DY_1943_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
The year opened with fierce fighting on battlefronts all over the world - Stalingrad, North Africa, the South Pacific. Here, February saw groundbreaking for Oak Ridge's Y-12 Plant and the X-10 Graphite Reactor. Starting April 1, armed guards manne…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24DX_1944_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
New arrivals to this fenced in area called the Clinton Engineer Works were amazed at the extensive construction at every turn - more Cemestos "alphabet" homes were going up on Black Oak Ridge, as were more "flattops" in the wes…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24DW_1945_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
The new city was crowded - all 90 dorms of singles, housing for families at a premium. In May the population peaked at 75,000. Y-12 had 22,400 workers; K-25, 11,000; X-10, 1,500. People at the plants were urged to work harder than ever at their jo…
historicalmarkerproject/markers/HM24DV_1946_Oak-Ridge-TN.html
This was the world's first fully peacetime year since 1938. Cities everywhere began struggling to change things back to normal; Oak Ridge was different - we had never been normal. Things here were also in a state of flux because the success of the…
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