Chase County, named after Salmon P. Chase, who was a United States Senator from Ohio and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was organized in 1859 in the Kansas Territory.
James Fisher, from Columbiana County, Ohio was the first settler in the Cottonwood Falls vicinity in 1855. A grocery store opened in 1859, and School District #6 was organized in 1862. Cottonwood Falls became the county seat in 1864. The Courthouse was completed on October 8, 1873.
By 1885, six stone quarries near Cottonwood Falls were mining and shipping the magnesian limestone all over the nation via the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. Chase County limestone was used in the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C., the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka, the Chase County Courthouse and buildings in every state. It was said that there was no county in Kansas where the wealth per capita was greater than Chase County in the 1880's.
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