—Creek Heritage Trail —

Cusseta lay on the rich flood plain of the Chattahoochee River, making it a fertile area for agriculture. Like Creeks throughout the Chattahoochee River valley the Cussetas grew a variety of vegetables, especially corn, squash, beans, and pumpkins. By the 1700s the Creeks at Cusseta had also begun planting rice introduced from the Carolinas and other crops imported from Africa such as sweet potatoes, watermelons and cow-peas.

The Creeks practiced swidden agriculture, a farming technique in which land is cultivated until its fertility decreases, then abandoned until restored naturally. Growth on old fields was burned before replanting as a way to clear heavy brush, while the ash created may have served as a fertilizer. Creeks commonly grew multiple crops together through a practice known as intercropping. They grew such complementary items as corn, squash, and beans together, efficiently using space and slowing soil depletion. Creeks grew crops in communal fields and in small gardens planted near family homes.

Inset
Creek Farming and Gender Roles
Creek women planted, harvested, and prepared most of the fruits and vegetables consumed at Cusseta. They gathered varieties of wild roots from along the riverbank, grinding them into a flour called coonti which could be fried for



bread. They also gathered acorns, nuts, berries, persimmons, wild potatoes, onions, and grapes. Creek women spent much time preparing dried corn to make sofkee, a thin soup that served as the base for many meals.

Hunting was the domain of Creek men. Utilizing skills taught to them in early childhood, men hunted deer and bear for meat and set traps for beaver and raccoon, whose furs could be used in clothing. Men also built large fishing weirs along the river to catch schools of trout, bass and sturgeon. They used natural poisons to stun the fish and nets and spears to fish from along creek banks or from canoes. During winter months entire families typically left the village to travel on extended hunts.

Photo captions
Left photos Theodore de Bry produced this engraving depicting Indians in Florida planting crops circa 1590. While not produced from firsthand observation, it is one of the earliest surviving images to show Southeastern Indians engaged in agriculture.
Middle Hickory nuts were among the most important wild foods for the Creeks. They
maintained large groves of hickory trees near towns. After harvest, the nuts were stored for year-round use. They were both eaten whole and boiled to extract oil. Hickory oil was among the most versatile Creek foodstuffs, used for frying, seasoning, or even as a broth for stews.






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Show me all markers in:  Columbus, GA  |  Muscogee County  |  31903  |  Georgia  |  United States of America

The Creek Town of Cusseta
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Cusseta: A Center for International Diplomacy
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