Inscription
Ceantar an Bhaile Aird
Bhí tógáil ballaí baile ina-gné lárnach ag luathfhorbairt Chill Chainnigh, a bhí faoi thionchar na Normannach agus cuireadh tús leis thart ar an mbliain 1240. Tá ag Cill Chainnigh trí limistéar mhúrtha: Ciorcad an Bhaile Aird, ciorcad an Bhaile Ghaelaigh agus ciorcad Eoin ar bhruach thoir na Feoire.
Tá tú anois sa Bhaile Ard, ar ghabh balla thart air ó Chaisleán Chill Chainnigh ó dheas, ag gabháil siar ag Túr Thalbóid, a fhad siar le Geata na mBráithre Dubha agus le hAbhainn na Bréagaí ó thuaidh. Bhí an Fheoir ag sní thart ar oirthear an Bhaile Aird.
Tá an bunphátrún Normannach fós ann agus gabhann sráideanna agus fánáin bheaga soir agus siar ón tSráid Ard, arb é seo cnámh droma Chill Chainnigh na meánaoise, agus déanann sé Caisleán Chill Chainnigh ó dheas a nascadh le hEaglais Chainnigh ó thuaidh. Anseo, ag an bpointe is leithne, is é Halla an Bhaile (an 'Tholsel') an foirgneamh is suntasaí sa an tSráid Ard, agus tá go leor imlínte agus plotaí bunúla d'fhoirgnimh ársa le feiceáil chomh maith.
Bhí caidreamh fealitach idir an Baile Ard, a bhí faoi thionchar Ríoga, agus an Baile Gaelach,
a bhí faoi smacht an Easpaig agus bhí a mBuirg féin acu. Bhí an dá bhaile seo i mbun troda le haghaidh neamhspleáchais agus údaráis. Ábhar finnscéalta agus fabhalscéalta iad scéalta faoin iomaíocht fhealltach a bhíodh idir an dá bhaile, agus, deirtear, gurbh iad an bonn a bhí leis an sean-nath cainte "ag troid ar nós Chait Chill Chainnigh"; ar traidisiún é seo a leanann ar aghaidh chuig an lá inniu i measc fhoirne iománaíochta Chill Chainnigh, ar a dtugtar "na Cait" agus a mbítear eaglach rompu dá bharr.
Teampall Mhuire
Ba í Eaglais Mhuire, atá suite i lár an tseanbhaile mhúrtha, eaglais pharóiste Chill Chainnigh sa Mheánaois. Thóg mac céile Strongbow, William Marshall, í i mblianta tosaigh an 13ú hAoise. Bhí Eaglais Mhuire ar cheann de na heaglaisí paróiste ba mhó agus ba ghalánta in Éirinn na Meánaoise. Ba ionad tábhachta é le haghaidh deasghnáth cathartha, mar gheall go mbíodh cosán ársa ag gabháil idir Eaglais Mhuire agus Halla an Bhaile a bhí ina haice.
Tá sa reilig bailiúchán annamh agus tábhachtach tuamaí, agus tá greanadh neamhghnách agus álainn ar chuid diobh.
Rinneadh Eaglais Mhuire a atógáil den chuid mó i 1739 agus rinneadh í a dhichoisricean[?] i 1957. Is iad Comhairle Bhuirg Chill Chainnigh, a cheannaigh an coimpléasc iomlán in 2010, atá [?]ois [?]eighil na hEaglaise. Is féidir na Séadchomharthaí adhlactha agus an reilig a bhaint amach trí
na geataí do ch[?]tá gar don Eaglais agus tríd an gcosán a ghabhann trí na tailte.
Hall an Bhaile
Ó dá fhocal sa sean-Bhéarla, "tol" agus "sael", a chiallaíonn 'halla cánach', a thagann ainm an fhoirgnimh is suntasaí ar an tSráid Ard.
Tógadh Halla an Bhaile thart ar 1578 agus atógadh i 1761 é. D'fhreastail sé ar Chill Chainnigh mar áit chruinnithe, mar theach custaim agus anois tá oifigí cathartha Chomhairle Bhuirg Chill Chainnigh suite ann, lena n-áirítear Seomra na Comhairle agus Oifig an Mhéara. Tá cartlann an-tábhachtach chathartha Chill Chainnigh, ina bhfuil an "Liber Primus" ('An Chéad Leabhar') mar an ní is tábhachtaí, á coimeád i Halla an Bhaile.
Cuireann tosach stuara an fhoirgnimh, an túr cloig, agus an suíomh ag an pointe is leithne ag an tSráid Ard in iúl gur Áit Mhargaidh a bhíodh san áit seo. Bhí Cross an Mhargaidh bunúil, a léirítear sa phictiúr, suite an-ghar don láthair seo idir 1300 agus 1771.
Fánáin Chill Chainnigh
Leanann leagan amach shráidreach Chill Chainnigh an bundearadh Normannach go fóill ina ngníomhaíonn an tSráid Ard/Sráid na Parlaiminte mar chnámh droma, a nascann Caisleán Chill Chainnigh le hEaglais Chainnigh.
Is ann do roinnt nascbhealaí ársa ón tSráid Ard, ar a dtugtar go háitúil "na fánáin", agus is éard atá iontu pasáistí ina bhfuil céimeanna chuig Sráid Chiaráin agus Sráid an Róisín.
Fánán
an Ime: Is pasáiste ársa do choisithe é seo a nascann an tSráid Ard le Sráid Chiaráin. Thugtaí an Lána Íseal, an Cúl-Lána agus Lána an Rí air roimhe sin.
De réir an traidisiúin, dhíol mná an t-im a rinne siad sa bhaile sna cuasáin feadh an Fhánáin tráth dá raibh - sin an chúis gur tugadh Fánán an Ime air. Gabhann an fánán seo idir uimhir 79 agus 80 ar an tSráid Ard. Cheannaigh muintir Langtúin an dá réadmhaoin ó Chorparáid Chill Chainnigh i 1602, agus bhí dualgas orthu an pasáiste a chothabháil.
Fánán an Mhargaidh: Gabhann an fánán seo chuig Sráid Chiaráin agus d'úsáidtí é mar phasáiste chuig seanlimistéar Margaí Chill Chainnigh.
Leanann an fánán ag Eaglais Mhuire, ar a dtugtar Fánán Mhuire, balla teorann Eaglais agus Reilig Mhuire, agus nascann sé Sráid an Róisín agus Sráid Chiaráin agus d'úsáidtí é i dtosach ama chun rochtain a fháil ar Eaglais Mhuire.
Sráid Chiaráin
Nascann Sráid Ciaráin Sráid na Parlaiminte le Sráid an Róisín agus gabhann sí comhthreomhar leis an tSráid Ard. Thugtaí an Lána Íseal, an Chúl-Lána agus Sráid an Rí ar an tsráid roimhe sin. Déanann Tobar Chiaráin, atá suite ar chúl Theach Ósta Kyteler, suíomh séipéil ársa a mharcáil a bhíodh tiomnaithe do Naomh Ciarán.
Thugtaí an Seamlas ar an taobh thuaidh agus ba é an suíomh traidisiúnta le haghaidh Margaí. Tógadh Clós an Margaidh atá ina aice le haghaidh Mhargadh Ginearálta Chill Chainnigh a osclaíodh in 1863. Tá Sráid Chiaráin nasctha leis an tSráid Ard freisin ag sraith pasáistí coisithe ar a dtugtar na fánáin. Tá Fánán an Ime, Fánán an Mhargaidh agus Fánán Mhuire fós slán inniu agus cuireann siad bealach áisiúil ar fáil chun gabháil idir na príomhshráideanna.
Alice Kyteler
Bhí Alice Kyteler ar cheann de na daoine ba cháiliúla a chónaigh i gCill Chainnigh. Chónaigh sí i Halla Kyteler, ar a dtugtar anois Teach Ósta Kyteler ar Shráid Chiaráin. Bhí ceanthrar fear céile ag Alice Kyteler, ar bhean ar leigh agus chumhachtach í, agus fuair triúr díobh bás faoi chúinsí rúndiamhra, agus b'ábhar mór buartha lontais é seo dá leanaí, a rinne gearán le hEaspag Osraí - Richard de Ledrede - agus asarlaíocht agus fia-chailleacht á gcur ina leith. Bhí siad buartha, freisin, go mbeadh an mac ba shine a bhí ag Alice, William Outlawe, tairbhí aonair eastát éagsúil.
Cúisíodh Alice le fia-chailleacht ar deireadh thiar, i ndiaidh admháil bhrúite ó Outlawe. D'éalaigh sí, áfach, an oíche roimh a triail. Ní raibh an t-ádh céanna ar a giolla mná, Petronella. Ciontaíodh agus dódh í ag an gcuaille, sa tSráid Ard, agus ba é seo an chéad uair a dódh cailleach in Éirinn go poiblí riamh.
Eaglais & Cloigtneach Chainnigh
[Illegible in contributor photo]
An Poll sa Bhalla [Possible transcription errors due to blurry photo]
Is an tréimhse idir 1580 agus 1640 a tógadh go lear d'fhoirgnimh ghalánta chloiche Chill Chainnigh. Léinann an tréimhse sea cabhsaíocht agus ba í an tréimhse a fuair Cill Chainnigh a cairt charthrach-ó Rí Séamas I í 1609.
Thóg teaghlaigh na gceannaithe tithe móra galánta, a bhí roinnte ag clóis, agus bhí teaghlach amháin, muintir Mhic Arcail, ima gcínaí dteach uimitir 17, 18 agus 18 sa tSráid Ard (1582). Rinneach teach tábhaime agus an teach suípéir an Poil sa Bhaila as teach immheánach Theach Mór Mhic Arcail go déanach sa 17ú hAois/ga luath sa 18ú hAois. Chuaigh daoine uile na sochaí ann, lena n-áirítear 17ú híarla Ormonde, polaiteoiní ar nós Henry Grattan agus Henry Flood, agus Arthur Wellesley-Priomh=Aire na Breataine agus Dlúc Wellington tráth dá éis sin.
I ndiaich a athchóirithe (1999-2009), cuireann an Poil sa Bhaila íomhá iontach de Chill Chainnigh ar fáil ó aimsir Thúdair eith.
Hightown Ceantar
The early urban development of Kilkenny, influenced by the Normans, had, as a central feature, the building of town walls, which commenced circa 1240. Kilkenny has three walled areas: Hightown circuit, Irishtown circuit and St. John's circuit on the east bank of the river Nore.
You are now standing in Hightown, which was bounded by a wall running from Kilkenny Castle to the south, turning west at Talbot's Tower, as far as Black Freren Gate and the River Breagagh to the north. The east of Hightown was bounded by the River Nore.
The original Norman pattern is retained with minor streets and slips running east and west off High Street, which is the spine of medieval Kilkenny, and links Kilkenny Castle to the south with St. Canice's Cathedral to the north. Here, at the widest point, High Street is dominated by the nearby Tholsel, with many other original ancient building outlines and plots, still visible.
Hightown, under Royal influence, and Irishtown, under the control of the Bishop, each with its own Borough, had a stormy relationship, battling for autonomy and authority. Stories of the fierce rivalry between the two are the stuff of legend and fable, and, are said by some, to be the basis for the old saying "fighting like Kilkenny Cats"; a tradition continued to the present day by Kilkenny hurling teams, known, and feared, as 'The Cats"!
St. Mary's Church
St. Mary's Church, centrally located in the old walled town, was the parish church of medieval Kilkenny. Built in the first years of the 13th century by Strongbow's son-in-law, William Marshall, St. Mary's was amongst the largest and most prestigious parish churches in medieval Ireland. It was an important venue for civic ritual, facilitated by the ancient existing pedestrian link between St. Mary's and the adjacent Tholsel (Town Hall).
The graveyard possesses a rare and significant collection of tombs, some of which are unusually and beautifully carved.
St. Mary's was substantially rebuilt in 1739, was deconsecrated in 1957, and is now cared for by Kilkenny Borough Council who purchased the entire complex in 2010. The burial monuments and graveyard are accessible via the nearby pedestrian gates and pathway running through the grounds.
The Tholsel
High Street's most significant building, gets its name from the old English words "tol" and "sael" meaning the hall of taxes.
The Tholsel was erected circa 1578 and re-built in 1761. It has served Kilkenny as a meeting place, a custom house and now houses the civic offices of Kilkenny Borough Council, including the Council Chamber and Mayor's Office. Kilkenny's highly significant civic archive, with the "Liber Primus" (First Book) as its centrepiece, is held in the Tholsel.
The arcaded front, clock tower, and position at the widest point of High Street is a reminder of the fact that this area served as a Market Place. The original Market Cross, depicted, stood very close to this location from 1300 to 1771.
The Slips of Kilkenny
The layout of Kilkenny's streetscape still follows the original Norman design with the High Street/Parliament Street acting as a spine, linking Kilkenny Castle to St. Canice's Cathedral.
There are several ancient link ways from the High Street, known locally as "the slips" which are stepped passageways to St. Kieran's Street and Rose Inn Street.
The Butter Slip is an ancient pedestrian passageway linking the High Street to St. Kieran's Street, formerly called Low Lane, Back Lane and King Street.
Tradition has it that in bye-gone years, women sold their home-made butter in the alcoves along the Slip, - hence The Butter Slip, which runs between 79 and 80 High Street. The Langton family acquired both properties from Kilkenny Corporation in 1602, with an obligation to maintain the passageway.
The Market Slip, also leading to St. Kieran's Street served as a passageway to the old Markets area of Kilkenny.
The slip at St. Mary's Church, known as St. Mary's Lane, follows the boundary wall of St Mary's Church and Graveyard, and links to Rose Inn Street and St. Kieran's Street and would originally have been used to access St. Mary's Church.
St. Kieran's Street
St. Kieran's Street links Parliament Street to Rose Inn Street and runs parallel to High Street. Previous names for this street were Low Lane, Back Lane and King Street. St. Kieran's Well, situated to the rear of Kyteler's Inn marks the site of an ancient church dedicated to St. Kieran.
The north end was known as the Shambles and was the traditional site for Markets. The adjoining Market Yard was created for the Kilkenny General Market which opened in 1863. St. Kieran Street is also linked to the High Street by a series of pedestrian stepped passage ways known as the slips. The Butter Slip, Market Slip and St. Mary's Slip are preserved intact and provide an easy way of moving between the main streets.
Alice Kyteler
One of Kilkenny's most famous residents was Alice Kyteler, who lived at Kyteler's Hall, now known as Kyteler's Inn, in St. Kieran's Street. Alice Kyteler, a colourful and powerful lady, had four husbands, three of whom died in mysterious circumstances, much to the alarm of her children who complained to the Bishop of Ossory - Richard de Ledrede - alleging sorcery and witchcraft. They were also concerned that Alice's eldest son, William Outlawe, was to be the sole beneficiary of the various estates.
Alice was eventually charged with witchcraft, following a forced confession from Outlawe. However, she escaped the night before her trial. Her lady-in-waiting, Petronella, was not so fortunate. She was convicted and burnt at the stake, in High Street, the first ever public burning of a witch in Ireland.
St. Canice's Cathedral & Round Tower
St. Canice's Cathedral dates substantially from the 13th century. It stands overlooking the northern end of the city and is located within the Irishtown City Wall. It is the seat of the Church of Ireland Bishop of Ossory. It was preceded by an earlier monastic settlement. Founded by the followers of St. Canice in the 7th century, Kilkenny derives its name from the Irish translation of Canice's Church, being Cill Chainnigh.
The round tower predates the Cathedral and is the oldest surviving structure in Kilkenny city. Visitors may climb the tower and at 30m high, it provides magnificent views of Kilkenny city and the surrounding area.
The Cathedral has a significant collection of tombs, including that of Bishop Richard de Ledrede, the 14th Century antagonist of Alice Kyteler, Kilkenny's alleged witch. There is also a fine collection of early 17th Century [illegible] dedicated to tradesmen, including a shoe maker, a weaver, and a carpenter, showing the emblems of their trade. St. Canice's Cathedral & Round Tower are an essential part of Kilkenny's built and cultural heritage.
The site of the cathedral and its [illegible] has been a place of continuous ecclesiastical worship since the 7th century, and visitors are asked to respect the services which take place there.
The Hole in the Wall
Many of Kilkenny's fine stone buildings date from the 1580's to the 1640's, representing a period of stability and prosperity during which Kilkenny received its city charter-from James 1 in 1609.
The merchant families erected great mansions, divided by courtyards, and one family, the Archers, occupied numbers 17, 18 and 19 High Street (1582). The inner house of the Archer Mansion became the Hole in the Wall supper house and tavern in the late 17th/early 18th century. It was frequented by all strands of society including the 17th Earl of Ormonde, politicians such as Henry Grattan and Henry Flood, and notably Arthur Wellesley, future British Prime Minister and Duke of Wellington.
Following its restoration (1999-2009), the Hole in the Wall provides a fascinating glimpse of Kilkenny since Tudor times.
Details
| HM Number | HM2IS9 |
|---|---|
| Tags | |
| Marker Condition | No reports yet |
| Date Added | Monday, July 15th, 2019 at 8:01pm PDT -07:00 |
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| UTM (WGS84 Datum) | 29U E 618168 N 5835008 |
|---|---|
| Decimal Degrees | 52.65215000, -7.25313333 |
| Degrees and Decimal Minutes | N 52° 39.129', W 7° 15.188' |
| Degrees, Minutes and Seconds | 52° 39' 7.7399999999999" N, 7° 15' 11.28" W |
| Driving Directions | Google Maps |
| Which side of the road? | Marker is on the right when traveling North |
| Closest Postal Address | At or near , , |
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